University of Bologna

The University of Bologna (Italian: Università di Bologna, UNIBO), founded in 1088, was the first university and is the oldest in the world.

It was the first place of study to use the term universitas for the corporations of students and masters which came to define the institution, located in Bologna, Italy.As of 2013, the University's crest carries the motto Alma mater studiorum and the date A.D. 1088. The University has about 85,500 students in its 11 schools. It has campuses in Ravenna, Forlì, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires. It also has a school of excellence named Collegio Superiore di Bologna. An associate publisher of the University of Bologna is Bononia University Press S.p.A (BUP).

History

The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088. The university received a charter from Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the University back to 1088, which would make it the oldest continuously-operating university in the world.

Bologna

Bologna (/bəˈloʊnjə/ bə-LOHN-yə; Italian pronunciation: [boˈloɲɲa]; Emilian: Bulåggna, pronounced [buˈlʌɲːa]; Latin: Bononia) is the largest city (and the capital) of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, located in the heart of a metropolitan area (officially recognized by the Italian government as a città metropolitana) of about one million.

The first settlements date back to at least 1000 BC. The city has been an urban centre, first under the Etruscans (Velzna/Felsina) and the Celts (Bona), then under the Romans (Bononia), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality (for one century it was the fifth largest European city based on population). Home to the oldest university in the world,University of Bologna, founded in 1088, Bologna hosts thousands of students who enrich the social and cultural life of the city. Famous for its towers and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre (one of the largest in Italy) thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s, on the heels of serious damage done by the urban demolition at the end of the 19th century as well as that caused by wars.

Province of Bologna

The province of Bologna (Italian: provincia di Bologna) was a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its provincial capital was the city of Bologna. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Bologna starting from January 2015.

References

Coordinates: 44°29′38″N 11°20′34″E / 44.49389°N 11.34278°E / 44.49389; 11.34278

Cheat (game)

Cheat (also known as Bullshit and I Doubt It) is a card game where the players aim to get rid of all of their cards. Normally played with at least three players, it is often classed as a party game, and is a game of deception. A challenge is usually made by players calling out the name of the game, and the loser of a challenge has to pick up all the cards in the middle.

As with many card games, cheat has an oral tradition and so people are taught the game under different names. The game is called "I Doubt It" by Hoyle and is sometimes known as "Bullshit" or "Bologna" in the USA.

Gameplay

Normally, a pack of 52 playing cards is used, but the game can accommodate more players by shuffling together multiple packs of cards and often includes the jokers as wild cards. A dealer is chosen and the cards are shuffled and dealt (normally using a Western deal) until all the cards are dealt. The first player is either the first player dealt to or sometimes in variants the first person with a specified card (usually the Ace of Spades). Play proceeds in the order of the deal. The objective of the game is to be the first player to get rid of all their cards.